Thematic analysis, as a critical approach in literary studies, plays a significant role in analyzing and comparing various subjects across different works. Mythological archetypes, regardless of the historical context of each nation, act as unifying elements and shape the social identity of societies. This study examines the myths of Arash and Wilhelm Tell, demonstrating that these myths, despite cultural and historical differences, share many common themes that reflect the universal human spirit and values. Wilhelm Tell in Schiller’s play is recognized as the savior of the Swiss nation, and Arash Kamangir in Persian literature is known as a national hero. Utilizing the principles of comparative literature and thematic analysis, this research analyzes and compares the thematic similarities and differences of these two myths, examining their changes, similarities, and contrasts. The results indicate that, despite cultural and historical differences, Arash and Wilhelm Tell possess significant thematic similarities, and both characters are recognized as symbols of resistance and the struggle for freedom and independence of their nations. Additionally, the adaptations related to local aspects have introduced changes in the previous works and have been localized. This study represents an important step in the analysis and examination of comparative literature and provides a better understanding of the genealogy and transformation of significant world myths. Exploring the genealogy of these two myths helps to better understand their role and position in global literature and culture.