Nostalgia is an important component of the structure of contemporary literary language that, within the context of historical, social, and cultural transformations, acquires a function extending beyond its conventional meaning of recalling the past. Accordingly, the present study aims to explain the manifestations and functions of nostalgia in the representation of “identity” in the poetry of Tahereh Saffarzadeh and Fadwa Tuqan. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach, the study examines and analyzes selected poems by these poets in order to address the question of how each poet has employed the nostalgic capacities of poetry to represent identity and confront historical and social ruptures, thereby elucidating the similarities and differences in their approaches to this concept and its outcomes. The findings indicate that in Saffarzadeh’s poetry, nostalgia transcends the level of individual emotion and becomes intertwined with social, political, and human concerns, whereas in Fadwa Tuqan’s poetry, it is manifested primarily through themes such as the occupied homeland, memories of the land, and the ideal of return. The results further demonstrate that although nostalgia in the poetry of both poets originates from a sense of loss and rupture and develops into a literary strategy for representing identity, its function differs in their respective works. Saffarzadeh pursues this aim through the integration of individual and historical experience and the revival of historical, cultural, and religious values, whereas Fadwa Tuqan achieves it through invoking the memory of the homeland, consolidating national identity, and articulating the ideal of return.