Realism, as a literary movement in modern Western literature, has found a central place in the formation of modern literature by focusing on the frank and objective representation of everyday realities, social relations, and psychological experiences. In contrast, the school of "occurrence" in Persian literature, by abandoning the complexities of the Indian style and returning to the simplicity of the Iraqi style, adopted a realistic approach in the explicit description of emotional and human experiences. This research, using an analytical-descriptive method and a comparative approach, examines the fundamental convergences and divergences between the principles of realism and the school of occurrence in two pivotal works: the Masnavi "The Candle and the Butterfly" by Ahli Shirazi and the poem "Anshuda Al-Matar" by Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab. The findings show that both poets, despite their historical, cultural, and stylistic differences, have used realistic techniques such as focusing on tangible details, avoiding poetic exaggeration, neutrality in narrative, simple and direct language, and objective depiction of human experiences. Ahli Shirazi, with his characterization based on the “inherent nature of things,” establishes a kind of “native ontological realism.” In contrast, Al-Sayyab, with his technique of “dialectics of suffering and hope,” depicts the dual atmosphere of pessimism and optimism side by side, showing that hope is not rooted in escaping reality, but in the heart of the bitter reality itself. The results of the research show that despite their fundamental differences, both poets follow common principles that form the core of realism.